From January to June 2023, meteorological droughts of varying degrees occurred in southwestern China, eastern North China, northern East China, central southern China, southern South China, and central Northeast China, seriously affecting agricultural production and restricting local economic development. To improve the ability to respond to drought disasters, timely carry out disaster prevention and reduction work, and conduct real-time summaries of drought situations. This article uses K index, MCI index, T-N flux and CABLE land surface model, as well as meteorological observation data, reanalysis data, soil moisture data to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and causes of regional drought events. The results are as follows: (1) In the first half of 2023, severe regional drought occurred in southwestern China and eastern Inner Mongolia. The southwestern region experienced atransition from sustained to sudden drought, while Inner Mongolia continued to experience drought. (2) During the same period, the 500hPa geopotential height field showed a two trough and two ridge pattern at mid to high latitudes. The western Pacific subtropical high pressure abnormally extended westward and uplifted northward, and the Rossby waves at mid latitudes in Eurasia were abnormally weak, resulting in a weakening of the influence of flat westerly winds and cold air in mid to high latitudes, resulting in less precipitation in the southwest and eastern Inner Mongolia, leading to regional drought. (3) In the first half of 2023, the winter La Niña event shifted to the spring El Niño event, resulting in weak convective activity in the southwest region and triggering sustained hot and dry weather; The distribution of sea surface temperature sensitive areas in Inner Mongolia has led to the stability of its upstream high-pressure ridge, resulting in drought and limited rainfall in the eastern region of Inner Mongolia.